MerLean-example

18 Def 13: Augmented Complex

Definition 213 Augmented Complex
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A complex \(F = (F_1 \xrightarrow {\partial ^F} F_0)\) is augmented if there exists a linear map \(\varepsilon : F_0 \to \mathbb {F}_2\) such that \(\varepsilon \circ \partial ^F = 0\). Concretely, for fixed natural numbers \(n_2, m_2\) and a linear map \(\partial ^F : (\operatorname {Fin} n_2 \to \mathbb {F}_2) \to _{\mathbb {F}_2} (\operatorname {Fin} m_2 \to \mathbb {F}_2)\), an AugmentedComplex consists of:

  • A linear map \(\varepsilon : (\operatorname {Fin} m_2 \to \mathbb {F}_2) \to _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2\) (the augmentation map),

  • A proof that \(\varepsilon \circ \partial ^F = 0\) (the chain map condition).

Definition 214 Augmentation Map at Each Degree
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Given a differential \(\partial ^F : (\operatorname {Fin} n_2 \to \mathbb {F}_2) \to _{\mathbb {F}_2} (\operatorname {Fin} m_2 \to \mathbb {F}_2)\) and an augmented complex \(\mathtt{aug}\), the augmentation map at fiber degree \(q \in \mathbb {Z}\) is defined as:

\[ \operatorname {augMap}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, q) := \begin{cases} \varepsilon & \text{if } q = 0,\\ 0 & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases} \]

This defines a linear map \((\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {fiberSize}(n_2, m_2, q)) \to \mathbb {F}_2) \to _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2\), corresponding to \(\pi _0 = \varepsilon \) and \(\pi _q = 0\) for \(q \ne 0\).

Definition 215 Summand Linear Map for \(\pi _*\)

For integers \(p, q \in \mathbb {Z}\), the linear map underlying the \((p,q)\)-summand of \(\pi _*\) is:

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, p, q) : \Bigl(\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,p)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\Bigr) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \Bigl(\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {fiberSize}(n_2,m_2,q)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\Bigr) \; \to _{\mathbb {F}_2}\; \Bigl(\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,p)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\Bigr), \]

given by \(b \otimes f \mapsto \pi _q(f) \cdot b\), where \(\pi _q = \operatorname {augMap}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, q)\). Concretely, this is the composition

\[ (\operatorname {TensorProduct.rid})_{\mathbb {F}_2} \circ (\operatorname {id} \otimes \operatorname {augMap}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, q)). \]

For any \(b : \operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,p)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\) and \(f : \operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {fiberSize}(n_2,m_2,0)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\),

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, p, 0)(b \otimes f) = \varepsilon (f) \cdot b. \]
Proof

By simplification using the definitions of piStarSummandLin, augMap_zero, and the \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-module isomorphism \(\operatorname {TensorProduct.rid}\), together with the formula for \(\operatorname {lTensor}\) on pure tensors, the result follows by reflexivity.

Lemma 217 Summand Map Vanishes for \(q \ne 0\)

For any \(q \ne 0\),

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, p, q) = 0. \]
Proof

By simplification using the definitions of piStarSummandLin and augMap with the conditional dif_neg hq (since \(q \ne 0\)), the augmentation map at degree \(q\) is zero, so the composition \(\operatorname {TensorProduct.rid} \circ (\operatorname {id} \otimes 0)\) reduces to zero by \(\operatorname {LinearMap.comp_zero}\).

Definition 218 Summand Morphism for \(\pi _*\)

For \(n, p, q \in \mathbb {Z}\) with \(p + q = n\), the \((p,q)\)-component of \(\pi _*\) is a morphism in \(\operatorname {ModuleCat}_{\mathbb {F}_2}\):

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandMor}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, n, p, q) : \operatorname {fbObj}(n_1,m_1,n_2,m_2,(p,q)) \; \longrightarrow \; \mathbb {F}_2^{\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,n)}, \]

defined by:

  • If \(q = 0\): the map \(b \otimes f \mapsto \varepsilon (f) \cdot b\), composed with a type transport via \(\operatorname {Fin.cast}\) using the equality \(p = n\) (from \(p + 0 = n\)),

  • If \(q \ne 0\): the zero morphism.

Definition 219 Chain Map \(\pi _*\)

The chain map \(\pi _* : \operatorname {Tot}(B \boxtimes _\varphi F)_n \to \mathbb {F}_2^{\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,n)}\) at degree \(n\) is assembled from the summand maps using \(\operatorname {totalDesc}\):

\[ \operatorname {piStarMor}(\partial ^B, \partial ^F, \varphi , \mathtt{aug}, n) : \bigl(\operatorname {fiberBundleDoubleComplex}(\partial ^B, \partial ^F, \varphi )\bigr).\operatorname {totalComplex}.X_n \; \longrightarrow \; \mathbb {F}_2^{\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,n)}, \]

given by summing the contributions \(\operatorname {piStarSummandMor}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, n, p, q)\) over all \((p, q)\) with \(p + q = n\).

Definition 220 Base Differential
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For \(n, n' \in \mathbb {Z}\), the base differential is:

\[ \operatorname {baseDiff}(n_1, m_1, \partial ^B, n, n') := \begin{cases} \partial ^B & \text{if } n = 1 \text{ and } n’ = 0,\\ 0 & \text{otherwise,} \end{cases} \]

as a linear map \((\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,n)) \to \mathbb {F}_2) \to _{\mathbb {F}_2} (\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,n')) \to \mathbb {F}_2)\).

Lemma 221 Augmentation Preserved by Chain Automorphism

Let \(\psi \) be a chain automorphism of \(F\) and suppose \(\psi \) acts as the identity on homology (i.e., \(\psi .\operatorname {ActsAsIdOnHomology}\) holds). Then

\[ \varepsilon \circ \alpha _0 = \varepsilon , \]

where \(\alpha _0 = \psi .\alpha _0\) is the degree-\(0\) component of \(\psi \).

Proof

We proceed by extensionality: it suffices to show \(\varepsilon (\alpha _0(y)) = \varepsilon (y)\) for an arbitrary \(y\). By the degree-\(0\) condition of \(\operatorname {ActsAsIdOnHomology}\), we have \(\alpha _0(y) - y \in \operatorname {im}(\partial ^F)\); that is, there exists \(z\) such that \(\partial ^F(z) = \alpha _0(y) - y\). Since \(\varepsilon \circ \partial ^F = 0\), we rewrite to obtain

\[ \varepsilon (\alpha _0(y) - y) = \varepsilon (\partial ^F(z)) = 0. \]

Applying \(\varepsilon \) to the difference and using linearity of \(\varepsilon \):

\[ \varepsilon (\alpha _0(y)) - \varepsilon (y) = 0, \]

which gives \(\varepsilon (\alpha _0(y)) = \varepsilon (y)\) by \(\operatorname {sub_eq_zero}\).

Lemma 222 Augmentation Preserved by Connection

Let \(\varphi \) be a connection and suppose \(\varphi \) acts as the identity on homology (i.e., \(\operatorname {ActsAsIdentityOnHomology}(\partial ^B, \partial ^F, \varphi )\) holds). For any \(b_1 : \operatorname {Fin}(n_1)\) and \(b_0 : \operatorname {Fin}(m_1)\) with \(\partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(b_0) \ne 0\),

\[ \varepsilon \circ (\varphi \, b_1\, b_0).\alpha _0 = \varepsilon . \]
Proof

This is an immediate consequence of aug_comp_\(\alpha _0\)_eq applied to the chain automorphism \(\varphi \, b_1\, b_0\), using the fact that \(\operatorname {ActsAsIdentityOnHomology}\) implies \((\varphi \, b_1\, b_0).\operatorname {ActsAsIdOnHomology}\) whenever \(\partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(b_0) \ne 0\).

Assume \(\operatorname {ActsAsIdentityOnHomology}(\partial ^B, \partial ^F, \varphi )\). On the \((p,0)\)-summand, \(\pi _*\) intertwines the horizontal twisted differential with the base differential:

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, 0, 0) \circ \operatorname {twistedDhLin}\! \Bigl(\partial ^B,\; b_1,b_0 \mapsto \operatorname {autAtDeg}(\partial ^F,\varphi ,0,b_1,b_0)\Bigr) \; =\; \partial ^B \circ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, 1, 0). \]
Proof

We apply tensor product extensionality: it suffices to verify the equality on pure tensors \(b \otimes f\). Let \(b : \operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,1)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\) and \(f : \operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {fiberSize}(n_2,m_2,0)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\) be arbitrary.

By twistedDhLin_tmul, we expand the left-hand side:

\[ \operatorname {twistedDhLin}(\partial ^B, \alpha )(b \otimes f) = \sum _{b_1, b_0} \partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(b_0) \cdot \bigl(\delta _{b_0} \otimes \alpha _{b_1,b_0}(f)\bigr). \]

Applying \(\operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, 0, 0)\) and using piStarSummandLin_tmul_q0, each summand becomes \(\varepsilon (\alpha _{b_1,b_0}(f)) \cdot \partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(b_0) \cdot \delta _{b_0}\).

We then simplify using \(\operatorname {map_sum}\) and \(\operatorname {map_smul}\), and evaluate pointwise at an arbitrary index \(j \in \operatorname {Fin}(m_1)\). The sum collapses via \(\operatorname {Pi.single_apply}\) and \(\operatorname {Finset.sum_ite_eq}\), yielding:

\[ \sum _{b_1} b(b_1) \cdot \partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(j) \cdot \varepsilon \bigl(\alpha _{b_1,j}(f)\bigr). \]

For each pair \((b_1, j)\), we distinguish two cases:

  • If \(\partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(j) = 0\), the contribution is zero on both sides.

  • If \(\partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(j) \ne 0\), by aug_preserved_by_connection and autAtDeg_zero, we have \(\varepsilon \circ \alpha _{b_1,j} = \varepsilon \), so \(\varepsilon (\alpha _{b_1,j}(f)) = \varepsilon (f)\).

Thus each summand equals \(b(b_1) \cdot \partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(j) \cdot \varepsilon (f)\), and we can factor out \(\varepsilon (f)\):

\[ \sum _{b_1} b(b_1) \cdot \partial ^B(\delta _{b_1})(j) \cdot \varepsilon (f) = \varepsilon (f) \cdot \sum _{b_1} (b(b_1) \cdot \partial ^B(\delta _{b_1}))(j). \]

By linearity of \(\partial ^B\) and the expansion \(b = \sum _{b_1} b(b_1) \cdot \delta _{b_1}\), we obtain \((\partial ^B(b))(j) \cdot \varepsilon (f)\).

For the right-hand side, \(\operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, 1, 0)(b \otimes f) = \varepsilon (f) \cdot b\) by piStarSummandLin_tmul_q0, and then \(\partial ^B(\varepsilon (f) \cdot b) = \varepsilon (f) \cdot \partial ^B(b)\) by linearity. Both sides agree at every index \(j\), completing the proof.

Lemma 224 \(\pi _*\) Vanishes on Vertical Differential at \(q = 1\)

The composition of \(\pi _*\) on the \((p,0)\)-summand with \(\operatorname {id} \otimes \partial ^F\) (the vertical differential from degree \((p,1)\)) is zero:

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, p, 0) \circ (\operatorname {id} \otimes \operatorname {fiberDiff}(n_2, m_2, \partial ^F, 1, 0)) = 0. \]
Proof

We apply tensor product extensionality on pure tensors \(b \otimes f\). By lTensor_tmul, the left-hand side evaluates to:

\[ \operatorname {piStarSummandLin}(\partial ^F, \mathtt{aug}, p, 0)\bigl(b \otimes \operatorname {fiberDiff}(n_2, m_2, \partial ^F, 1, 0)(f)\bigr). \]

Since \(\operatorname {fiberDiff}(n_2, m_2, \partial ^F, 1, 0)(f) = \partial ^F(f)\) by unfolding the definition of fiberDiff and using reflexivity, and by piStarSummandLin_tmul_q0, this equals \(\varepsilon (\partial ^F(f)) \cdot b\). Since \(\varepsilon \circ \partial ^F = 0\) (the chain map condition of the augmented complex), we have \(\varepsilon (\partial ^F(f)) = 0\), and therefore \(0 \cdot b = 0\).

The cochain map \(\pi ^* : B^*_n \to \operatorname {Tot}(B \boxtimes _\varphi F)^*_n\) at degree \(n\) is defined as the \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-dual (transpose) of the chain map \(\pi _*\):

\[ \operatorname {cochainPiStar}(\partial ^B, \partial ^F, \varphi , \mathtt{aug}, n) := \operatorname {Module.Dual.transpose}_{\mathbb {F}_2}\bigl(\operatorname {piStarMor}(\partial ^B, \partial ^F, \varphi , \mathtt{aug}, n).\operatorname {hom}\bigr), \]

which is a linear map

\[ \operatorname {Module.Dual}_{\mathbb {F}_2}\! \bigl(\operatorname {Fin}(\operatorname {baseSize}(n_1,m_1,n)) \to \mathbb {F}_2\bigr) \; \to _{\mathbb {F}_2}\; \operatorname {Module.Dual}_{\mathbb {F}_2}\! \bigl(\operatorname {Tot}(B \boxtimes _\varphi F)_n\bigr). \]

On a cochain \(\beta \in B^*_p\), this gives \(\pi ^*(\beta )(b \otimes f) = \beta (b) \cdot \varepsilon (f)\) for \(f \in F_0\), and \(\pi ^*(\beta )(b \otimes f) = 0\) for \(f \in F_1\).