MerLean-example

17 Thm 3: Fiber Bundle Homology

Definition 194 Chain Automorphism Acts as Identity on Homology

Let \(d_F : (\mathbb {F}_2^{n_2}) \to (\mathbb {F}_2^{m_2})\) be a linear map and let \(\psi \) be a chain automorphism of the chain complex \(F = (F^1 \xrightarrow {d_F} F^0)\). We say \(\psi \) acts as the identity on homology if:

  1. Degree 1: For every \(f \in \ker (d_F)\), we have \(\alpha _1(f) = f\) (i.e., \(\alpha _1\) fixes cycles).

  2. Degree 0: For every \(y \in \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\), we have \(\alpha _0(y) - y \in \operatorname {im}(d_F)\) (i.e., \([\alpha _0(y)] = [y]\) in \(H_0(F) = \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}/\operatorname {im}(d_F)\)).

Definition 195 Connection Acts as Identity on Homology

Let \(d_B : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}\) and \(d_F : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\) be linear maps, and let \(\varphi \) be a connection of type \(\operatorname {Connection}(n_1, m_1, n_2, m_2, d_F)\).

We say \(\varphi \) acts as identity on homology if for every basis element \(b^1 \in \operatorname {Fin}(n_1)\) and every \(b^0 \in \operatorname {Fin}(m_1)\) such that \(d_B(e_{b^1})(b^0) \neq 0\), the chain automorphism \(\varphi (b^1, b^0)\) acts as the identity on the homology of \(F\).

Formally:

\[ \forall \, b^1 \in \operatorname {Fin}(n_1),\; b^0 \in \operatorname {Fin}(m_1),\quad d_B(e_{b^1})(b^0) \neq 0 \; \Rightarrow \; \varphi (b^1, b^0).\operatorname {ActsAsIdOnHomology}(d_F). \]
Definition 196 Fiber Bundle as Small Double Complex

Given linear maps \(d_B : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}\) and \(d_F : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\), and a connection \(\varphi \), the fiber bundle small double complex is the \(2\times 2\) double complex \(E = B \otimes _\varphi F\) with:

\begin{align*} A_{1,1} & = \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2}, & A_{1,0} & = \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2},\\ A_{0,1} & = \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2}, & A_{0,0} & = \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}, \end{align*}

with vertical differentials \(d_v^i = \operatorname {id} \otimes d_F\) (left-tensored), and horizontal twisted differentials:

\[ d_h^1 = \widetilde{d_h}(d_B,\, \alpha _1^\varphi ), \qquad d_h^0 = \widetilde{d_h}(d_B,\, \alpha _0^\varphi ), \]

where \(\alpha _k^\varphi (b^1, b^0) = \operatorname {autAtDeg}(d_F, \varphi , k, b^1, b^0)\). The anticommutativity condition \(d_h \circ d_v = d_v \circ d_h\) is supplied by \(\operatorname {twistedDh_comm_dv}\).

Definition 197 Kernel Flatness Equivalence for Left Tensor
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Let \(M\) be a free \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-module and \(f : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\) a linear map. Since \(M\) is free over a field it is flat, so there is a canonical linear equivalence:

\[ \ker (\operatorname {id}_M \otimes f) \; \simeq \; M \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \ker (f). \]
Proof

Since \(M\) is free over \(\mathbb {F}_2\), it is flat. Flatness implies that \(\operatorname {id}_M \otimes \iota _{\ker f}\) is injective, where \(\iota _{\ker f} : \ker (f) \hookrightarrow \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2}\) is the inclusion. Moreover, by flatness applied to the exact sequence \(\ker (f) \hookrightarrow \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \xrightarrow {f} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\), the sequence

\[ M \otimes \ker (f) \xrightarrow {\operatorname {id}_M \otimes \iota } M \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \xrightarrow {\operatorname {id}_M \otimes f} M \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2} \]

is exact, so \(\ker (\operatorname {id}_M \otimes f) = \operatorname {im}(\operatorname {id}_M \otimes \iota )\). Combining the equality of submodules with the injectivity of \(\operatorname {id}_M \otimes \iota \), we obtain the desired linear equivalence by composing \(\operatorname {LinearEquiv.ofEq}\) with \((\operatorname {LinearEquiv.ofInjective})^{-1}\).

Definition 198 Quotient Flatness Equivalence for Left Tensor
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Let \(M\) be an \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-module and \(f : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\). There is a canonical linear equivalence:

\[ \bigl(M \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\bigr) \big/ \operatorname {im}(\operatorname {id}_M \otimes f) \; \simeq \; M \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \bigl(\mathbb {F}_2^{m_2} / \operatorname {im}(f)\bigr). \]
Proof

This follows from \(\operatorname {lTensor.equiv}\) applied to the exact sequence \(\mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \xrightarrow {f} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2} \xrightarrow {\pi } \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}/\operatorname {im}(f) \to 0\) (where \(\pi \) is surjective), giving the canonical identification of the left-tensored quotient with the tensor product of the quotient.

Definition 199 Kernel Flatness Equivalence for Right Tensor
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Let \(M\) be a free \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-module and \(f : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}\). There is a canonical linear equivalence:

\[ \ker (f \otimes \operatorname {id}_M) \; \simeq \; \ker (f) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} M. \]
Proof

Analogously to the left-tensor case: flatness of \(M\) gives injectivity of \(\iota _{\ker f} \otimes \operatorname {id}_M\) and the exact sequence \(\ker (f) \otimes M \to \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes M \xrightarrow {f \otimes \operatorname {id}} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes M\). Combining via \(\operatorname {LinearEquiv.ofEq}\) and \((\operatorname {LinearEquiv.ofInjective})^{-1}\) yields the result.

Definition 200 Quotient Flatness Equivalence for Right Tensor
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Let \(M\) be an \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-module and \(f : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}\). There is a canonical linear equivalence:

\[ \bigl(\mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} M\bigr) \big/ \operatorname {im}(f \otimes \operatorname {id}_M) \; \simeq \; \bigl(\mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}/\operatorname {im}(f)\bigr) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} M. \]
Proof

This follows from \(\operatorname {rTensor.equiv}\) applied to the exact sequence \(\mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \xrightarrow {f} \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \xrightarrow {\pi } \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}/\operatorname {im}(f) \to 0\).

Lemma 201 Tensor Product Basis Decomposition
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Let \(V\) be an \(\mathbb {F}_2\)-module, \(n \in \mathbb {N}\), \(g : \operatorname {Fin}(n) \to \mathbb {F}_2\), and \(v \in V\). Then:

\[ g \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} v = \sum _{i \in \operatorname {Fin}(n)} g(i) \cdot (e_i \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} v), \]

where \(e_i = \operatorname {Pi.single}\, i\, 1\).

Proof

Writing \(g = \sum _i g(i) \cdot e_i\) (by evaluating both sides at each \(j\) using \(\operatorname {Pi.single}\)), we substitute into the left-hand side and use \(\operatorname {TensorProduct.sum_tmul}\) to distribute the sum, obtaining the stated equality.

Lemma 202 Twisted \(d_h^1\) on Basis Elements in Kernel

Let \(\varphi \) act as identity on homology. For any basis element \(e_i \in \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1}\) and any \(f \in \ker (d_F)\):

\[ \widetilde{d_h}(d_B, \alpha _1^\varphi )(e_i \otimes f) = d_B(e_i) \otimes f. \]

That is, the twisted horizontal differential \(d_h^1\) acts on \(B_1 \otimes \ker (d_F)\) as the untwisted \(d_B \otimes \operatorname {id}\).

Proof

Expanding by \(\operatorname {twistedDhLin_tmul}\), the left-hand side becomes a double sum over \(b^1 \in \operatorname {Fin}(n_1)\) and \(b^0 \in \operatorname {Fin}(m_1)\). Since \(e_i = \operatorname {Pi.single}\, i\, 1\) vanishes at all \(b^1 \neq i\), only the \(b^1 = i\) term survives. For that term, the inner sum is \(\sum _{b^0} d_B(e_i)(b^0) \cdot (e_{b^0} \otimes \alpha _1^\varphi (i, b^0)(f))\). For each \(b^0\) with \(d_B(e_i)(b^0) \neq 0\), the identity-on-homology hypothesis gives \(\alpha _1^\varphi (i, b^0)(f) = f\) (since \(f \in \ker (d_F)\)). For \(b^0\) with \(d_B(e_i)(b^0) = 0\), the term vanishes. Hence the sum equals \(\sum _{b^0} d_B(e_i)(b^0) \cdot (e_{b^0} \otimes f) = d_B(e_i) \otimes f\) by Lemma 201 (applied in reverse).

Lemma 203 Twisted \(d_h^1\) Agrees with \(d_B \otimes \operatorname {id}\) on \(B_1 \otimes \ker (d_F)\)

Assume \(\varphi \) acts as identity on homology. Then:

\[ \widetilde{d_h}(d_B, \alpha _1^\varphi ) \circ (\operatorname {id} \otimes \iota _{\ker d_F}) = (\operatorname {id} \otimes \iota _{\ker d_F}) \circ (d_B \otimes \operatorname {id}_{\ker d_F}), \]

i.e., the following diagram commutes:

\[ \begin{tikzcd} \end{tikzcd} \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes \ker (d_F) \arrow [r, "\operatorname {id}\otimes \iota "] \arrow [d, "d_B\otimes \operatorname {id}"'] & \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \arrow [d, "\widetilde{d_h^1}"] \\ \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes \ker (d_F) \arrow [r, "\operatorname {id}\otimes \iota "'] & \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \end{tikzcd} \]
Proof

By \(\operatorname {TensorProduct.ext’}\), it suffices to check on pure tensors \(b \otimes \langle f, h_f \rangle \) for arbitrary \(b \in \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1}\) and \(f \in \ker (d_F)\). Writing \(b = \sum _i b(i) \cdot e_i\), both sides of the claimed equality reduce (using \(\operatorname {TensorProduct.sum_tmul}\) and \(\operatorname {map_sum}\)) to \(\sum _i b(i) \cdot (\text{basis term at }i)\). For each basis term, Lemma 202 gives \(\widetilde{d_h^1}(e_i \otimes f) = d_B(e_i) \otimes f\), and pulling out the scalar \(b(i)\) via linearity completes the proof.

Definition 204 Kernel Equivalence from Conjugate Diagram
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Suppose \(e_1 : M_1 \simeq N_1\) and \(e_2 : M_2 \simeq N_2\) are linear equivalences, \(f : M_1 \to M_2\) and \(g : N_1 \to N_2\) are linear maps, and the diagram

\[ \begin{tikzcd} \end{tikzcd} M_1 \arrow [r,"f"] \arrow [d,"e_1"'] & M_2 \arrow [d,"e_2"] \\ N_1 \arrow [r,"g"'] & N_2 \end{tikzcd} \]

commutes (i.e., \(e_2 \circ f = g \circ e_1\)). Then there is a canonical linear equivalence \(\ker (f) \simeq \ker (g)\).

Proof

Define the forward map \(\langle x, h_x\rangle \mapsto \langle e_1(x), \cdot \rangle \) where membership in \(\ker (g)\) follows from \(g(e_1(x)) = e_2(f(x)) = e_2(0) = 0\). The inverse sends \(\langle y, h_y\rangle \mapsto \langle e_1^{-1}(y), \cdot \rangle \), with membership verified by applying \(e_2\) (which is injective) and using the commutative diagram together with \(h_y\). Left and right inverses hold by \(\operatorname {simp}\) (using \(e_1\)’s equivalence properties). Linearity of the map follows from linearity of \(e_1\).

Definition 205 Cokernel Equivalence from Conjugate Diagram
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Under the same hypotheses as Definition 204, there is a canonical linear equivalence \(\operatorname {coker}(f) \simeq \operatorname {coker}(g)\), i.e., \((M_2 / \operatorname {im}(f)) \simeq (N_2 / \operatorname {im}(g))\).

Proof

First, we show \(e_2(\operatorname {im}(f)) = \operatorname {im}(g)\). For the forward inclusion: given \(e_2(f(x)) \in e_2(\operatorname {im}(f))\), the commutativity \(e_2(f(x)) = g(e_1(x))\) places this in \(\operatorname {im}(g)\). For the reverse: given \(g(w) \in \operatorname {im}(g)\), we have \(g(w) = e_2(f(e_1^{-1}(w)))\) by commutativity, so it lies in \(e_2(\operatorname {im}(f))\). With \(e_2(\operatorname {im}(f)) = \operatorname {im}(g)\) established, the result follows from \(\operatorname {Submodule.Quotient.equiv}\).

Lemma 206 Fiber Bundle \(\bar{d}_h^1\) Conjugation

Let \(E = \operatorname {fiberBundleSmallDC}(d_B, d_F, \varphi )\) and assume \(\varphi \) acts as identity on homology. Then:

\[ e_2 \circ \bar{d}_h^1 = (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker d_F}) \circ e_1, \]

where \(e_k : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_k} \otimes \ker (d_F) \xrightarrow {\sim } \ker (\operatorname {id}_{\mathbb {F}_2^{n_k}} \otimes d_F)\) are the flatness equivalences (Definition 197) for \(k=1,2\).

That is, \(\bar{d}_h^1\) (the restriction of \(d_h^1\) to the kernel of \(d_v^1\)) is conjugate to \(d_B \otimes \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)}\) via these equivalences.

Proof

Since \(\operatorname {id} \otimes \iota _{\ker d_F}\) is injective (by flatness of \(\mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}\)), it suffices to show equality after composing with this injection. For any \(\langle x, h_x\rangle \in \ker (\operatorname {id} \otimes d_F)\), the left-hand side gives \((\operatorname {id}\otimes \iota )(e_2(\bar{d}_h^1\langle x, h_x\rangle )) = (\bar{d}_h^1\langle x,h_x\rangle ).\operatorname {val} = d_h^1(x)\) (using \(\operatorname {lTensor_ker_equiv_apply_val}\)). On the right, applying Lemma 203 at \(e_1\langle x, h_x\rangle \) and using \(\operatorname {lTensor_ker_equiv_apply_val}\) again yields the same expression \(d_h^1(x)\).

Lemma 207 Twisted \(d_h^0\) on Quotient: Basis Elements

Assume \(\varphi \) acts as identity on homology. For any \(e_i \in \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1}\) and \(f \in \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\):

\[ (\operatorname {id}_{\mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}} \otimes \pi ) \bigl(\widetilde{d_h}(d_B, \alpha _0^\varphi )(e_i \otimes f)\bigr) = d_B(e_i) \otimes [\, f\, ], \]

where \(\pi : \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}/\operatorname {im}(d_F)\) is the quotient map.

Proof

Expanding by \(\operatorname {twistedDhLin_tmul}\) and distributing the quotient map \(\pi \) through the sum and scalar multiples, only the \(b^1 = i\) summand survives (since \(e_i(b^1) = 0\) for \(b^1 \neq i\)). In the surviving term, for each \(b^0\) with \(d_B(e_i)(b^0) \neq 0\), identity-on-homology at degree 0 gives \(\pi (\alpha _0^\varphi (i, b^0)(f)) = \pi (f)\) (since \(\alpha _0(f) - f \in \operatorname {im}(d_F) = \ker \pi \)). For \(b^0\) with \(d_B(e_i)(b^0) = 0\) the term vanishes. Hence the left side equals \(\sum _{b^0} d_B(e_i)(b^0) \cdot (e_{b^0} \otimes [f]) = d_B(e_i) \otimes [f]\).

Lemma 208 Twisted \(d_h^0\) Commutes with Left Tensor Quotient

Assume \(\varphi \) acts as identity on homology. Then:

\[ (\operatorname {id} \otimes \pi ) \circ \widetilde{d_h}(d_B, \alpha _0^\varphi ) = (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}) \circ (\operatorname {id} \otimes \pi ), \]

i.e., the following diagram commutes:

\[ \begin{tikzcd} \end{tikzcd} \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2} \arrow [r,"\widetilde{d_h^0}"] \arrow [d,"\operatorname {id}\otimes \pi "'] & \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2} \arrow [d,"\operatorname {id}\otimes \pi "] \\ \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \otimes \operatorname {coker}(d_F) \arrow [r,"d_B\otimes \operatorname {id}"'] & \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1} \otimes \operatorname {coker}(d_F) \end{tikzcd} \]
Proof

By \(\operatorname {TensorProduct.ext’}\) it suffices to check on pure tensors \(b \otimes f\). Writing \(b = \sum _i b(i) \cdot e_i\), both sides decompose as sums over basis elements. For each \(i\), pulling out the scalar \(b(i)\) via linearity and applying Lemma 207 (using \(\operatorname {map_smul}\) and \(\operatorname {smul_tmul’}\)) gives the equality term by term.

Lemma 209 Fiber Bundle \(\bar{d}_h^0\) Quotient Conjugation (Unproven)

red[UNPROVEN – sorry in Lean source]

Let \(E = \operatorname {fiberBundleSmallDC}(d_B, d_F, \varphi )\) and assume \(\varphi \) acts as identity on homology. Then:

\[ q_2 \circ \bar{d}_h^0 = (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)}) \circ q_1, \]

where \(q_k : (\mathbb {F}_2^{n_k} \otimes \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}) / \operatorname {im}(\operatorname {id} \otimes d_F) \xrightarrow {\sim } \mathbb {F}_2^{n_k} \otimes \operatorname {coker}(d_F)\) are the flatness quotient equivalences (Definition 198).

Note: This lemma is left with sorry in the formalization. The analogous result for \(\bar{d}_h^1\) is fully proved (Lemma 206); the degree-0 case requires additional diagram chasing on the quotient that remains to be completed.

Let \(d_B : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_1} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}\), \(d_F : \mathbb {F}_2^{n_2} \to \mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}\), and let \(\varphi \) be a connection that acts as identity on homology. Then:

\[ H_2(B \otimes _\varphi F) \; \simeq \; \ker (d_B) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \ker (d_F). \]
Proof

Let \(E = \operatorname {fiberBundleSmallDC}(d_B, d_F, \varphi )\).

Step 1. By the SmallDC homology equivalence at degree 2, \(\operatorname {totH}_2(E) \simeq \operatorname {itH}_2(E) = \ker (\bar{d}_h^1)\).

Step 2. By Lemma 206, \(\bar{d}_h^1\) is conjugate (via the flatness equivalences \(e_1, e_2\) of Definition 197) to \(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)}\). Applying Definition 204 to this commutative diagram yields \(\ker (\bar{d}_h^1) \simeq \ker (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)})\).

Step 3. By Definition 199 (flatness of \(\ker (d_F)\) over \(\mathbb {F}_2\)), \(\ker (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)}) \simeq \ker (d_B) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \ker (d_F)\).

Composing the three equivalences gives \(H_2(B\otimes _\varphi F) \simeq \ker (d_B) \otimes \ker (d_F)\).

Let \(d_B\), \(d_F\), \(\varphi \) be as above with \(\varphi \) acting as identity on homology. Then:

\[ H_0(B \otimes _\varphi F) \; \simeq \; \operatorname {coker}(d_B) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \operatorname {coker}(d_F), \]

i.e., \((\mathbb {F}_2^{m_1}/\operatorname {im}(d_B)) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} (\mathbb {F}_2^{m_2}/\operatorname {im}(d_F))\).

Proof

Let \(E = \operatorname {fiberBundleSmallDC}(d_B, d_F, \varphi )\).

Step 1. By the SmallDC homology equivalence at degree 0, \(\operatorname {totH}_0(E) \simeq \operatorname {itH}_0(E) = A_{0,0}/\operatorname {im}(\bar{d}_h^0)\).

Step 2. By Lemma 209, \(\bar{d}_h^0\) is conjugate (via the flatness quotient equivalences \(q_1, q_2\) of Definition 198) to \(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)}\). Applying Definition 205 gives \(\operatorname {coker}(\bar{d}_h^0) \simeq \operatorname {coker}(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)})\).

Step 3. By Definition 200, \(\operatorname {coker}(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)}) \simeq \operatorname {coker}(d_B) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \operatorname {coker}(d_F)\).

Composing yields \(H_0(B \otimes _\varphi F) \simeq \operatorname {coker}(d_B) \otimes \operatorname {coker}(d_F)\).

Let \(d_B\), \(d_F\), \(\varphi \) be as above with \(\varphi \) acting as identity on homology. Then:

\[ H_1(B \otimes _\varphi F) \; \simeq \; \bigl(\ker (d_B) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \operatorname {coker}(d_F)\bigr) \times \bigl(\operatorname {coker}(d_B) \otimes _{\mathbb {F}_2} \ker (d_F)\bigr). \]
Proof

Let \(E = \operatorname {fiberBundleSmallDC}(d_B, d_F, \varphi )\).

Step 1. By the SmallDC homology equivalence at degree 1, \(\operatorname {totH}_1(E) \simeq \operatorname {itH}_1^{\mathrm{fst}}(E) \times \operatorname {itH}_1^{\mathrm{snd}}(E)\), where \(\operatorname {itH}_1^{\mathrm{fst}} = \ker (\bar{d}_h^0)\) and \(\operatorname {itH}_1^{\mathrm{snd}} = \operatorname {vH}_{0,1}/\operatorname {im}(\bar{d}_h^1)\).

Step 2a (first factor). By Lemma 209, \(\bar{d}_h^0\) is conjugate (via the quotient flatness equivalences \(q_k\)) to \(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)}\). Applying Definition 204 gives \(\ker (\bar{d}_h^0) \simeq \ker (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)})\). Then Definition 199 gives \(\ker (d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\operatorname {coker}(d_F)}) \simeq \ker (d_B) \otimes \operatorname {coker}(d_F)\).

Step 2b (second factor). By Lemma 206, \(\bar{d}_h^1\) is conjugate (via the kernel flatness equivalences \(e_k\)) to \(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)}\). Applying Definition 205 gives \(\operatorname {coker}(\bar{d}_h^1) \simeq \operatorname {coker}(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)})\). Then Definition 200 gives \(\operatorname {coker}(d_B \otimes _r \operatorname {id}_{\ker (d_F)}) \simeq \operatorname {coker}(d_B) \otimes \ker (d_F)\).

Combining both factors via the product of equivalences (\(\operatorname {prodCongr}\)) with Step 1 yields:

\[ H_1(B \otimes _\varphi F) \; \simeq \; \bigl(\ker (d_B)\otimes \operatorname {coker}(d_F)\bigr) \times \bigl(\operatorname {coker}(d_B)\otimes \ker (d_F)\bigr). \qedhere \]